Choosing a NAS for Backup: Bay Count, RAID and What It Costs

Quick answer

A backup NAS is chosen on redundancy math, not software polish: bay count decides which RAID levels are available, RAID level decides how many drives can fail without loss, and the drives usually cost more than the chassis. This page selects on hardware and capacity facts only - bays, RAID capability, and which vendors document a named backup application - not on which platform is more pleasant to use.

Updated

Share:WhatsAppFacebookPost on X

The redundancy math, by bay count

Two bays in RAID 1 (a mirror) tolerate one drive failing, with usable capacity equal to one drive - the simplest redundant configuration and the floor for calling a NAS a backup target rather than a single point of failure. Four bays in RAID 5 also tolerate one drive failing, but usable capacity is three drives' worth instead of one - the same fault tolerance, more room. Six or more bays in RAID 6 tolerate two simultaneous failures, at the cost of two drives' capacity to parity.

None of this is a performance question. It is arithmetic: RAID 1 = 1 drive usable of n; RAID 5 = (n-1) drives usable; RAID 6 = (n-2) drives usable. The right answer for a backup target is whichever configuration matches how much downtime a rebuild can tolerate and how many drives you can afford to lose data across at once - not a brand preference.

Named backup applications, vendor-documented

Two vendors in our catalogue name a specific backup application on their own product pages, which is a feature-presence fact rather than a judgement of how well it works: Synology names Active Backup for Business as a DSM application, and QNAP names Hybrid Backup Sync (HBS 3) as a QTS application. We are not claiming either does the job better than the other - only that both vendors document a named application by that description, on their own sites, as of today.

A worked example, both configurations

Cheapest in-stock 2-bay (Synology DiskStation DS223 2-Bay Diskless, $237.14) plus two MDD 20TB drives at $499.99 each = $1237.12 for 20TB usable in a mirror.

Cheapest in-stock 4-bay (Synology DiskStation DS423 4-Bay Diskless, $360.62) plus four 20TB drives at $499.99 each = $2360.58 for 60TB usable in RAID 5 - three times the usable capacity of the mirror for roughly twice the total build cost.

Re-run either configuration at any capacity or RAID level in the NAS Builder.

Why RAID is not a backup, and what closes the gap

RAID protects against a drive failing. It does not protect against a file being deleted, ransomware encrypting a share, or the enclosure itself failing - all three replicate identically to every drive in the array in real time. A NAS holding the only copy of anything irreplaceable is a bigger single point of failure than the drive it protects against, not a smaller one. The fix costs one more drive on a separate device, or a second NAS as a replication target - not a bigger array on the same box.

Every NAS in stock, live

Synology
DiskStation DS223 2-Bay Diskless
$237.14
Bays: 2
CPU: Realtek RTD1619B (4-core)
RAM: 2GB DDR4
Network: 1GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: DSM 7
UGREEN
NASync DH2300 2-Bay
$239.99
Bays: 2
Network: 2.5GbE
Warranty: 2yr
OS: UGOS Pro
TerraMaster
F2-425 2-Bay
$254.99
Bays: 2
Warranty: 2yr
OS: TOS 6
Synology
DiskStation DS423 4-Bay Diskless
$360.62
Bays: 4
CPU: Realtek RTD1619B (4-core)
RAM: 2GB DDR4
Network: 2x 1GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: DSM 7
Synology
DiskStation DS225+ 2-Bay
$364.99
Bays: 2
Network: 2.5GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: DSM 7
TerraMaster
F4-425 4-Bay
$365.49
Bays: 4
Warranty: 2yr
OS: TOS 6
UGREEN
NASync DXP2800 2-Bay
$369.99
Bays: 2
CPU: Intel N100 (4-core)
RAM: 8GB DDR5
Network: 2.5GbE
Warranty: 2yr
OS: UGOS Pro
QNAP
TS-464-8G 4-Bay
$599.92
Bays: 4
CPU: Intel Celeron N5105 (4-core)
RAM: 8GB DDR4
Network: 2x 2.5GbE
Warranty: 2yr
OS: QTS 5
Synology
DiskStation DS425+ 4-Bay Diskless
$599.99
Bays: 4
Network: 2.5GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: DSM 7
UGREEN
NASync DXP4800 Plus 4-Bay
$619.99
Bays: 4
CPU: Intel Pentium Gold 8505 (5-core)
RAM: 8GB DDR5
Network: 10GbE + 2.5GbE
Warranty: 2yr
OS: UGOS Pro
TerraMaster
F4-425 Plus 4-Bay
$649.99
Bays: 4
CPU: Intel N150 (4-core)
Warranty: 2yr
OS: TOS 6
Synology
DiskStation DS925+ 4-Bay
$674.00
Bays: 4
CPU: AMD Ryzen V1500B (4-core)
RAM: 4GB DDR4 ECC
Network: 2x 2.5GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: DSM 7
Asustor
Lockerstor 4 Gen2+ AS6704T 4-Bay
$681.99
Bays: 4
CPU: Intel quad-core
RAM: 4GB DDR4
Network: 2x 5GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: ADM
UniFi
UNAS Pro 4 4-Bay
$699.00
Bays: 4
OS: UniFi Drive
QNAP
TS-664-8G 6-Bay
$743.07
Bays: 6
CPU: Intel Celeron N5105 (4-core)
RAM: 8GB DDR4
Network: 2x 2.5GbE
Warranty: 2yr
OS: QTS 5
UGREEN
NASync DXP4800 Pro 4-Bay
$799.99
Bays: 4
Warranty: 2yr
OS: UGOS Pro
UGREEN
NASync DXP6800 Plus 6-Bay
$886.96
Bays: 6
CPU: Intel Core i3-1215U (6-core)
Warranty: 2yr
OS: UGOS Pro
UGREEN
NASync DXP6800 Pro 6-Bay
$1,013.91
Bays: 6
CPU: Intel Core i5-1235U (10-core)
RAM: 8GB DDR5
Network: 2x 10GbE
Warranty: 2yr
OS: UGOS Pro
Asustor
Flashstor 6 Gen2 FS6806X All-Flash
$1,040.99
Bays: 6
Network: 10GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: ADM
Synology
DiskStation DS1525+ 5-Bay
$1,309.99
Bays: 5
CPU: AMD Ryzen V1500B (4-core)
RAM: 8GB DDR4 ECC
Network: 2x 2.5GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: DSM 7
Synology
DiskStation DS1825+ 8-Bay
$1,367.99
Bays: 8
CPU: AMD Ryzen V1500B (4-core)
RAM: 8GB DDR4 ECC
Network: 2x 2.5GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: DSM 7
Asustor
Lockerstor 6 Gen3 AS6806T 6-Bay
$1,680.99
Bays: 6
CPU: AMD Ryzen quad-core 3.8GHz
RAM: 16GB DDR5 ECC
Network: 10GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: ADM
QNAP
TS-233 2-Bay Desktop NAS Diskless
Out of stock
Bays: 2
CPU: ARM Cortex-A55 (4-core)
RAM: 2GB
Network: 1GbE
Warranty: 3yr
OS: QTS 5
TerraMaster
F4-424 Pro 4-Bay
Out of stock
Bays: 4
CPU: Intel Core i3-N305 (8-core)
RAM: 32GB DDR5
Network: 2x 2.5GbE
Warranty: 2yr
OS: TOS 6
UGREEN
NASync DXP8800 Plus 8-Bay
Out of stock
Bays: 8
CPU: Intel Core i5-1235U (10-core)
RAM: 8GB DDR5
Network: 2x 10GbE
Warranty: 2yr
OS: UGOS Pro

Where to go next

Every 2-bay NAS ยท Every 4-bay NAS ยท RAID usable-capacity planner ยท NAS hard drives, live $/TB ยท UPS for a NAS.

Frequently asked questions

How many bays does a backup NAS need?

Two, for a mirror that survives one drive failing - the smallest configuration with any redundancy at all. Four bays in RAID 5 add usable capacity (three drives' worth instead of one) for the same one-drive fault tolerance, which matters once the backup set outgrows a single drive's capacity.

Does RAID replace a second, separate backup?

No. RAID protects against a drive failing; it does not protect against deletion, ransomware, or the enclosure itself failing, all of which replicate to every drive in the array identically. A NAS holding a household's ONLY backup copy is itself a single point of failure - a second copy on a different device or medium is what makes it an actual backup rather than a second copy of the same risk.

Which NAS vendors document a named backup application?

Synology names Active Backup for Business on its own site as a DSM application; QNAP names Hybrid Backup Sync (HBS 3) on its own site as a QTS application. Both are vendor-documented software features, not a claim we are making about how well either performs.

What RAID level should a backup target use?

Whatever the bay count supports: RAID 1 (mirror) at 2 bays, RAID 5 at 4+ bays for one-drive tolerance with more usable space, RAID 6 at 6+ bays for two-drive tolerance. The right choice depends on bay count and how much downtime a rebuild can tolerate, not on which brand is running it.

What does a complete backup NAS build cost?

A 2-bay mirror: $1237.12 for the chassis plus two 20TB drives, 20TB usable. A 4-bay RAID 5: $2360.58 for the chassis plus four 20TB drives, 60TB usable. Both computed from today's live catalogue.

Should backup drives be CMR or SMR?

CMR (or ePMR). A shingled (SMR) drive rebuilding a degraded array is the single most repeated warning in this category - rebuilds that should take a day have taken over a week on SMR drives, exactly when the array has no spare redundancy left. See the NAS drive tracker's recording-technology column before buying.